Most undergraduate curricula teach tooth anatomy as a compulsory component of pre-clinical training..

Specialised carving wax is recommended, and is available in a range of colours (Yeti IQ wax; Bracon Dental Laboratory Products, East Sussex, UK). The green version provides clear definition of carved...

Crown lengthening has been described as the surgical removal of hard and soft periodontal tissue to gain supragingival tooth length, allowing for longer clinical crowns and the re-establishment of the...

Developmental enamel hypoplasia and traumatic dental injuries can manifest as white, yellow, or even brown discolourations on teeth. Hypoplasia is characterised by reduced enamel thickness, pits,...

Visible light is electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nm. If light is transmitted through an optical prism, the light is refracted, varying with the wavelength of the...

In Case 1, the patient had had a fall and fractured his upper left central incisor. He also had an accessory injury to the border of the upper lip. The injury was symptomatic only when the tooth was...