Louis Mackenzie

Head Dental Officer, Denplan, Andover; Clinical lecturer, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham

Posterior tooth anatomy: wax carving. Part 1

Most undergraduate curricula teach tooth anatomy as a compulsory component of pre-clinical training..

Posterior tooth anatomy: wax carving. Part 2

Specialised carving wax is recommended, and is available in a range of colours (Yeti IQ wax; Bracon Dental Laboratory Products, East Sussex, UK). The green version provides clear definition of carved...

A minimally invasive approach to smile enhancement

Developmental enamel hypoplasia and traumatic dental injuries can manifest as white, yellow, or even brown discolourations on teeth. Hypoplasia is characterised by reduced enamel thickness, pits,...

Fundamentals of shade matching

Visible light is electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nm. If light is transmitted through an optical prism, the light is refracted, varying with the wavelength of the...